Most of the eastern boundary, adjoining Sidlesham, is formed by another small stream which joins the Broad Rife; but the northern portion, representing the former parish of Almodington, is bounded by a road from Bachmere's Farm, just in Birdham parish. Here an 18th-century octagonal tapering windmill, covered with weather-boarding, is now disused but was still in active use in On the west, near Hundredsteddle Farm, the bounds of Earnley are curiously intermixed with those of the Witterings.
The church, Manor Farm, and a few cottages are grouped at the centre of the parish round the junction of three lanes. Paul presumably the cathedral of Selsey a piece of land known as 'Earnaleach and Tielesora'. It is probably represented in the return of knights' fees of the Bishop of Chichester in by the holding of William de Lancing, who with three others held I complete fee, fn.
John de Ernele, son of Luke, fn. Willett', fn. Argent on a bend sable three eagles or. Earnley Church CHURCH The church invocation unknown stands south-west of the manor house; it consists of chancel, nave with bell-cote, and north porch, and is built of rubble with ashlar dressings, except the porch, which is of wood on a stone base; it is roofed with tile, fn. The nave is apparently 13th-century, the chancel 14th, the porch is modern. The east window of the chancel is of two lights with trefoil heads surmounted by a quatrefoil; on each side of the chancel is a one-light window with ogee trefoil head and segmental rear-arch; in the south wall is a piscina with ogee trefoil head, and in the north a rectangular wall-locker; these are all of the 14th century.
The roof is modern, ceiled under the rafters and collars with boarding. Ernelle co. Argent, on a bend cotised sable, three eagles displayed or. Crest: A chevalier on horseback wielding a scimitar, all proper. Ernelle place unspecified. Argent, a bend sable.
Ernle Ernle [i. Earnley ], co. Sussex, and Whetham , co. Crest -- An eagle displayed vert.. Another crest -- A man's head sidefaced, couped at the shoulders proper, on the head a long cap, barry of six or and sable, at the end two strings and tasselled gold. The elder of these brothers was John Ernle, Esq. He was the progenitor of the Wiltshire line, and thus the 17th-century chancellor's direct ancestor, while the younger of them, known to history chiefly as Sir John Ernley, was the Lord Chief Justice.
This latter personage was, moreover, not as the post-nominal letters K. Ernle Etchilhampton, co. Henry VII. Devon modern, Tytherleigh. Henry VIII , m. Visitation of Somerset, Same Arms. From General Armory Two, , p. Insert Cos. And Sussex. Cotton MS. Tiberius D. Add: V. Ernell place unspecified. Argent, on a bend sable, 3 eagles displayed with 2 heads or.
Sheriff of Wilts Add: Ernley New Sarum co. Same arms. Sir John Ernley. Chief Justice of Common Pleas. While coats of arms are often accompanied by mottoes, heraldists[ who? Status[ edit ] As an armorial family whose original status derives from ancient landed property, the Ernle family belonged to the class known as the gentry. As gentlemen with a coat-of-arms , or armigers , the heads of the family were hereditary esquires, and the younger sons and their cadets all gentlemen, and their daughters all gentlewomen.
The family were thus all of gentle birth, and were classed as members of what has been termed the minor or lesser nobility, corresponding to what the Germans term, Uradel , which the French call noblesse de race , or ancient nobility. Though they never achieved the ranks of the greater nobility which, in England, was confined to members of the peerage , at least one branch of the family did accede to the ranks of hereditary knighthood, created by King James I of England , and known as the baronetage.
In the 20th century, a female-line descendant, Rowland Prothero , was granted an hereditary peerage as Lord Ernle , though that title only existed from to , due to the early death, in action, during World War I, of his only son, who would have been heir to the peerage, had he outlived the hostilities. As can be seen in the case of the cadet lines of its male descendants, junior members of the family sometimes ceased to live as gentry.
So, even if living in reduced circumstances, and performing manual labour, such English gentlefolk did not suffer from any deprivation, withdrawal, or removal of their hereditary gentle status. It is possible, however, that some sank so far from their gentle origins and the former lifestyles of their ancestors that all memory of their family's former rank, privileges, precedence, and armigerous status was lost.
On the other hand, while no one could deny their abiding gentle status, they might be subject to popular derision if they asserted it without the means of living up to it by the 'port i. By the time this decline began to be observed among the junior-most cadet branches of the family, both the senior male line of the family and their surviving next principal male cadet branch in Wiltshire see Ernle of Brembridge had died out in the late 18th century — in fact, within a year of one another.
It is not known if anyone is now entitled to claim a male-line descent from this ancient noble family, and thereby lay claim to use the undifferenced coat-of-arms borne by the head of the Ernle family since time immemorial.
The undifferenced arms are, however, quartered in the armorial bearings of the extant Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax family. Ernle of Earnley, Sussex, and the Manor of Earnley[ edit ] This family derived from Luke de Ernle who was confirmed in his de Lancinges nephew's earlier grant to him of almost a quarter of a knight's fee by his de Lancinges great-niece in about Historians' attempts to trace this family over later centuries have met with only partial success, though the continuity of the descent of the manor of Earnley among people bearing that early surname is thought to indicate that successive manorial lords all belonged to the same family.
The evidence recited in the published account of the manor of Earnley cites a later lord of the manor living around whose name was also Luke de Ernle in this instance, the documentary spelling is de Ernele, and that account favours this spelling of the name.
Next, John de Ernle son of Luke held the manor in A man who may be this John, or his younger son, John, received a grant of free warren at Earnley in In , mention is made of John and Richard de Ernele, and of Joan daughter of John de Ernele in connexion with the recovery of the nearby manor of Almodington by Robert de Almodington.
The next two citations from the s probably pertain to one or other of the two men called John de Ernele mentioned in According to the Sussex Archaeological Collections , p. A fine dated names John de Ernele of La Manwode. The place referred to here can be either the name of the hundred in which the parish of Earnley was situate, or an actual locality within the parish of Earnley which happens to have given its name to the hundred, probably because it was the usual meeting-place for the whole hundred when it gathered to conduct business.
Thereafter, almost a century elapses before there is a mention of John Ernle conveying the manor of Earnley to John Michelgrove and his wife, Joan, in In , and , however, William Ernele held the manor. A generation later, in , there is record of the manor being settled on John Lunsford and Margaret his wife, who was the widow of John Ernele.
The descent hereafter is paralleled by the account of the family cited in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography to be found under the heading, Sir John Ernley , Chief Justice. At this juncture, in her proof of coming of age, Elizabeth Michelgrove, wife of John Shelley both direct ancestors of the poet, Shelley , it is stated that she was baptised at Earnley parish church on 28 March in the 39th year of the reign of King Henry VI of England , that is, in , and that her godfather was John Ernle, and her godmother, Joan Ernle see Inq.
VI, no. Elizabeth was the sole child and heir of her father John Michelgrove alias Fauconer, Esq. It would appear from her pedigree that the connexion was probably through the parties mentioned in the manorial transfer, and that there may have been a blood tie between the Michelgrove alias Fauconer family and that of Ernle, in addition to the one of spiritual kinship deriving from the Michelgrove heiress's baptism.
John Ernele, Ernle, or Ernley, Solicitor General, then Attorney General of England and, finally, Chief Justice, is mentioned in as passing the manor to others of his kinsmen, John Clerkson, the elder, and John Inglere, who were great-grandsons of his own forebear, an earlier John Ernele. This is a curious reference as this particular John Ernley was born in or , and so was not of age to make a conveyance. This elder brother John would normally have been the heir to their father, John Ernle, Esq.
Thereafter, whoever the John Ernle of the conveyance may have been, the manor passed to people of other names who may or may not be connected by blood or marriage to the Ernle family of Earnley. In , the manor was once again conveyed to Richard Ernle Erneley in the documentation in this case , indicating that it may, for a time, have been held in trust for the right Ernle heir, and then returned at an appropriate date.
At any rate, the connexion between the descent of the manor of Earnley, and the family of the name Ernle, ended finally when a later Richard Erneley sold it to Richard Taylor in Thereafter, the family of Ernle, as distinct from the manor of the same name, became attached to the episcopal manor of Cackham in West Wittering , a place close to their original home at Earnley in West Sussex. Despite their proximity to their ancestral lands, the Sussex branch of the Ernle family's close ties with the manor and parish from which they derived their surname, seem, however, to have been severed finally in the first third of the 17th century, after the space of nearly years of continuous manorial tenure.
Chichester] to be provost Marshall for the Rape of Cr. That they may be brought to the next Justice of Peace if Cause require or otherwise to be committed to the constable to be justified accordinge to the Lawe, And that you do continue this course iij [i. This reference to Mr Earnely of Chichester in , appears to have been one of the last times a male Ernle was alive and active in the county. By the time of the heraldic Visitation of Sussex, the remaining Sussex Ernle heritage was represented by Bridget, da.
Reference to the records of the Archbishop of Canterbury's testamentary jurisdiction provides the final evidences of the extinction of the Sussex line: "Abstracts of Probate Acts in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, volume 1, ", p. West Wittering , Sussex, Esq. Will [66 Audley] pr. June 16 by rel. Sentences and complete index nominum, ", p. Thus we see why the Sussex Visitation showed Bridget Stanney as the representative of the Ernle family in Sussex, for her brother had died sometime before the final disposition of his worldly estate by will and sentence of 16 June It is not surprising, then, that, when the heraldic Visitation of Sussex was made, no further pedigree was recorded for the ancient Sussex family of Ernle, and what Ernle blood remained in the county was inherited via the female line, as in the case of the Stanney or Stanny and Rishton families.
Thus was extinguished one of the ancient historic surnames of the county of Sussex. The Sussex Ernle family might have deserved some place in Sir J. Bernard Burke's chronicle of the rise and fall from prominence of old names, The Vicissitudes of Families, though he chiefly concerned himself with the demise of families comprising the greater nobility of the realm. Rise from local to national prominence under the Tudors[ edit ] The Ernle family maintained their manorial demesne at Earnley on the Sussex coast for centuries.
Sir John's descendants remained in Sussex through the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods maintaining their connexion with the manor of Earnley until its sale in , during the first years of the reign of King Charles I. Thereafter, it becomes harder to trace the descent of the Sussex branch of the family, though there are traces of it in Sussex in the 17th and 18th centuries as well as in neighbouring Hampshire. As Chichester cathedral was the chief church of the diocese where their estates lay, and St Richard was a local saint whose Shrine was decorated by pilgrims and members of the local gentry for over years during the pre-Reformation period, this task was partly a test of the Sussex Ernle family head's loyalty to the new religion, the Church of England , whereof, on earth, the king had declared his royal supremacy supplanting the authority of the pope.
Local legends at West Wittering in Sussex a place where the Ernle family also held lands at this time which claim that the bones of St Richard were hidden in a tomb there give rise to the possibility that this William Ernle or someone closely associated with him managed to secure the saint's relics for posterity when the removal and destruction of the ornaments and relics of St Richard's Shrine took place partly under Ernle's direction. William Ernle and Elizabeth his wife's tombs with their partially destroyed inscriptions are considered by historians to lie in West Wittering parish church, so the connexion, if true, was close.
Be that as it may, later generations of Sussex Ernles appear to have conformed to the Church of England more enthusiastically. In , Mr Richard Ernlie misprinted as Crulie , of Cackham now Cakeham , Sussex, son of William, the royal commissioner of , is listed as being one of the gentlemen of Sussex who was designated as being among the "favourers of godlie procedinges", indicating that he was by then a staunch, if rather sobre, Anglican, when such a description was a mark of approval from Church and State alike.
Migration to and proliferation in Wiltshire[ edit ] Migration[ edit ] In the 18th century, the senior Wiltshire branch of the Ernle family claimed that they had established themselves in Wiltshire and abandoned their ancestral lands in Sussex in order to avoid any further exposure to England's seafaring enemies caused by their estate's proximity to the Sussex coast. Examination of their published pedigree reveals that, in fact, the two branches of the family, seated in Sussex and Wiltshire, existed simultaneously for over a century.
By the 17th century, however, the name Ernle seems virtually to have disappeared from Sussex, while the branch established in Wiltshire by John Ernle, The Elder, Esq. Recorded in the Visitation of Wiltshire in , and, again, in , the main seat of the family in Wiltshire was at Bourton manorhouse, said to be a former priory in the parish of Bishop's Cannings, but the initial connexion of the family with Wiltshire seems to have stemmed not from this estate but from the marriage in the first third of the 15th century of a Sussex Ernle to the heiress of an old Wiltshire manorial family, Malwyn or Malwain of Etchilhampton alias Ashlington , sometimes recorded as being of "Chilhampton" another form of the place name, Etchilhampton.
First, the acquisition of the lands at Bourton could not have occurred in the lifetime of William de Ernle's son John Ernle because he died in according to a Sussex inquisition post mortem. The period of monastic dissolution occurred over a century later in the period to As an aside, this may also be the reason why no one has been able to find a record of the sale of Bourton as a monastic property in the latter period.
Secondly, a better idea of when the Ernle link with Wiltshire was forged can, however, be gleaned from the latter half of the foregoing account. The Ernle family, however, did not inherit Etchilhampton until several intervening heirs of the Malwain's property had first occupied it and then themselves died before Joan Best's senior heir, her grandson, John Ernle of Fosbury, Wiltshire, finally gained possession of the estate many years after his grandmother's death.
Before their eventual inheritance of these lands in Wiltshire, it is not surprising then that the Ernle family concentrated their activities on Sussex, while maintaining a presence in both counties. Christopher Whittick's DNB account of Sir John Ernley's career has this to say about the Ernle family's two-county history: The family had been lords of the manor of Earnley near Chichester since the 13th century [sic, properly since the 12th] Supportive of these statements is the following evidence that the head of the Sussex family of Ernle, William Ernle, esq.
Chichester] The Hundred of Manwode [i. Provided, of course, that these references do indeed relate to the same William ERNLE, this seems to indicate that while based at La Manwode in the parish of Earnley in Sussex in , where, by being the first named, he would appear to have been the chiefmost resident as holder of the manor of Earnley , he also held lands formerly in the possession of Agnes Burdon widow of Nicholas, elsewhere recorded as Durdon, apparently erroneously at Yatesbury in Wiltshire.
For, whereas Fosbury, and later Bishop's Cannings in Wiltshire, became the main seat of the ERNLE family; significantly, they also held Yatesbury for centuries, perhaps starting in or before and no earlier than when no ERNLE is recorded in an early subsidy roll for Wiltshire.
In , however, we see that while the ERNLE family was present as major landholders in Sussex, they had not yet forged their connexion with Wiltshire, viz. Et que terras etc. And that these lands etc According to the Wiltshire section of the book, p. If not in Wiltshire, this Merton may refer to the one in Surrey, in which case it was probably acquired through the family's known London mercantile interests.
The other localities are all in Wiltshire. VII parliament, as Johes. Regis [i. Wiltshire, however, proved to be fertile ground for the expansion of the family over successive generations.
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